E4Warning will work out data and modelling across scales from continental, to regional and local. At the local scales we will add experimental work to calibrate and validate our novel vector monitoring tools (citizen observatory, smart trap networks) and to understand, in more depth, disease pathways through vector-animal-human-environment interactions.

We have selected 4 cities: Barcelona (Spain), Athens (Greece), Brasilia (Brazil), and either Hanoi or Ho Chi Minh City (Vietnam), where we will perform innovative Aedes albopictus (Asian tiger mosquito) and Aedes aegypti (Yellow fever mosquito) surveillance, combining traditional trap surveillance with smart-trap IoT networks and citizen science observatories.

We have selected 4 wetlands and peri-urban areas: Aiguamolls de l’Empordà (Girona, Spain), Sichinia-Marathona (Region of Attica, Greece), Bodanrück (Konstanz, Germany), and Bolle di Magadino (Switzerland) where we will study pathogen spillover potential from wetlands (e.g., WNV) to peri-urban and urban areas and vice versa by estimating different vector dispersal capacities and bird (reservoirs) home ranges and detailed behavioural activity.